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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
سو رفتار روانشناختی
Items indicating the frequency of psychological abuse, physical abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse were rated separately for mothers and fathers.
Due to low response rates for the sexual abuse scales (1.0% maternal,1.3% paternal) these scales were excluded, and items regarding the frequency of mothers' and fathers' yelling were removed from the psychological abuse subscales, as yelling is not necessarily reflective of abusive experience; frequencies of each maltreatment subtype are summarized in Table 1.
The final two items for the index were taken from the CCMS, where participants rated how frequently they had witnessed inter-parental psychological abuse (e.g.
All 5 risk items (parental divorce, parental death, socioeconomic risk, witnessing psychological abuse, witnessing physical violence) were summed to create the adverse family-life events index with scores ranging from 0 to 5.
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